The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.

What CVEs are caused by CWE-348?

60 recorded CVEs are attributed to CWE-348, including CVE-2026-48772, CVE-2026-44183, CVE-2022-31813.

What are the consequences of CWE-348?

Exploiting CWE-348 can lead to: Bypass Protection Mechanism, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity.

Is CWE-348 actively exploited?

60 recorded CVEs are caused by CWE-348; none are currently in CISA's KEV catalog of actively exploited flaws.

CWE-348: Use of Less Trusted Source

Overview

CWE-348 (Use of Less Trusted Source) is a base-level software weakness catalogued by MITRE in the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). It describes a recurring type of mistake that can lead to exploitable security vulnerabilities.

Real-world CVEs

60 recorded CVEs are caused by CWE-348 (Use of Less Trusted Source). The highest-severity and most recent are shown first. 30 new CWE-348 CVEs have been recorded so far in 2026 (13 in 2025).

CVE-2026-48772
ProxySQL: PROXY-Protocol-v1 UNKNOWN parses spoofed source IP, bypassing mysql_query_rules.client_addr ACL
Critical · CVSS 10.0 · EPSS 11th
2026-06-19
CVE-2026-44183
Cleanuparr: X-Forwarded-For leftmost parsing allows remote unauthenticated admin takeover when reverse-proxy mode is enabled
Critical · CVSS 9.8 · EPSS 13th
2026-05-12
CVE-2022-31813
Critical · CVSS 9.8 · EPSS 88th
2022-06-08
CVE-2026-58122
Hermes WebUI < 0.51.307 Authentication Bypass via X-Forwarded-For Header Spoofing
Critical · CVSS 9.3 · EPSS 30th
2026-07-09
CVE-2025-59951
Termix' official Docker image contains an authentication bypass vulnerability
Critical · CVSS 9.2 · EPSS 91th
2025-10-01
CVE-2026-12249
Canonical ADSys Trust Store Poisoning via Plaintext HTTP Certificate Auto-Enrollment
Critical · CVSS 9.0 · EPSS 4th
2026-06-22
CVE-2026-9561
High · CVSS 8.8 · EPSS 9th
2026-07-14
CVE-2024-27773
High · CVSS 8.8 · EPSS 28th
2024-03-18
CVE-2026-64619
FileCodeBox < 2.4 Anti-bruteforce Rate Limit Bypass via Spoofed Headers
High · CVSS 8.7 · EPSS 22th
2026-07-20
CVE-2026-43634
HestiaCP 1.2.0-1.9.4 IP Spoofing via CF-Connecting-IP Header
High · CVSS 8.7 · EPSS 15th
2026-05-19
CVE-2026-35391
Bulwark Webmail getClientIP() trusted client-controlled X-Forwarded-For value, enabling rate limit bypass and audit log forgery
High · CVSS 8.7 · EPSS 3th
2026-04-06
CVE-2022-2255
High · CVSS 8.7 · EPSS 57th
2022-08-25

Showing 12 of 60 recorded CWE-348 CVEs. Track new ones as they are published and get AI-written analysis and fixes.

Monitor CWE-348 vulnerabilities

Common consequences

What can happen when CWE-348 is exploited.

Bypass Protection Mechanism, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity

Affects: Access Control

An attacker could utilize the untrusted data source to bypass protection mechanisms and gain access to sensitive data.

How it happens

When it is introduced

Typically introduced during these phases of the software lifecycle.

Architecture and Design

Implementation

Code examples

Illustrative examples from MITRE showing how the weakness appears in code.

This code attempts to limit the access of a page to certain IP Addresses. It checks the 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR' header in case an authorized user is sending the request through a proxy.

Vulnerable example

php

$requestingIP = '0.0.0.0';

Safe example

php

...
$requestingIP = '0.0.0.0';

Illustrative examples

Real CVEs that MITRE cites as examples of this weakness.

CVE-2001-0860 — Product uses IP address provided by a client, instead of obtaining it from the packet headers, allowing easier spoofing.
CVE-2004-1950 — Web product uses the IP address in the X-Forwarded-For HTTP header instead of a server variable that uses the connecting IP address, allowing filter bypass.
CVE-2001-0908 — Product logs IP address specified by the client instead of obtaining it from the packet headers, allowing information hiding.
CVE-2006-1126 — PHP application uses IP address from X-Forwarded-For HTTP header, instead of REMOTE_ADDR.

How this weakness relates to others in the CWE hierarchy.

Parent

CWE-345: Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Terminology & mappings

Mapped taxonomies

PLOVER: Use of Less Trusted Source

Attack patterns

CAPEC attack patterns that exploit this weakness.

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about CWE-348.

What is CWE-348?: The product has two different sources of the same data or information, but it uses the source that has less support for verification, is less trusted, or is less resistant to attack.
What CVEs are caused by CWE-348?: 60 recorded CVEs are attributed to CWE-348, including CVE-2026-48772, CVE-2026-44183, CVE-2022-31813.
What are the consequences of CWE-348?: Exploiting CWE-348 can lead to: Bypass Protection Mechanism, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity.
Is CWE-348 actively exploited?: 60 recorded CVEs are caused by CWE-348; none are currently in CISA's KEV catalog of actively exploited flaws.

References

Weakness data is sourced from the MITRE CWE catalog (v4.20). CVE associations are aggregated and kept current by RadicalNotion.AI.