What CVEs are caused by CWE-1426?

2 recorded CVEs are attributed to CWE-1426, including CVE-2025-31363, CVE-2025-55074.

What are the consequences of CWE-1426?

Exploiting CWE-1426 can lead to: Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Varies by Context.

Is CWE-1426 actively exploited?

2 recorded CVEs are caused by CWE-1426; none are currently in CISA's KEV catalog of actively exploited flaws.

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Base weakness

Incomplete

CWE-1426: Improper Validation of Generative AI Output

The product invokes a generative AI/ML component whose behaviors and outputs cannot be directly controlled, but the product does not validate or insufficiently validates the outputs to ensure that they align with the intended security, content, or privacy policy.

Last updated May 1, 2026

2

Recorded CVEs

With this primary weakness

0

KEVs

In the CISA KEV catalog

Not rated

Likelihood of exploit

Per MITRE

Base

Abstraction

MITRE classification

Overview

CWE-1426 (Improper Validation of Generative AI Output) is a base-level software weakness catalogued by MITRE in the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE). It describes a recurring type of mistake that can lead to exploitable security vulnerabilities.

Real-world CVEs

2 recorded CVEs are caused by CWE-1426 (Improper Validation of Generative AI Output). The highest-severity and most recent are shown first. 0 new CWE-1426 CVEs have been recorded so far in 2026 (2 in 2025).

Common consequences

What can happen when CWE-1426 is exploited.

Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Varies by Context

Affects: Integrity

How it happens

When it is introduced

Typically introduced during these phases of the software lifecycle.

Architecture and Design

Implementation

Applies to

Technologies

AI/ML

How to prevent it

Practical mitigations for CWE-1426, grouped by where in the lifecycle they apply.

Architecture and Design

Since the output from a generative AI component (such as an LLM) cannot be trusted, ensure that it operates in an untrusted or non-privileged space.

Operation

Use "semantic comparators," which are mechanisms that provide semantic comparison to identify objects that might appear different but are semantically similar.

Operation

Use components that operate externally to the system to monitor the output and act as a moderator. These components are called different terms, such as supervisors or guardrails.

Build and Compilation

During model training, use an appropriate variety of good and bad examples to guide preferred outputs.

How to detect it

Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation

Use known techniques for prompt injection and other attacks, and adjust the attacks to be more specific to the model or system.

Dynamic Analysis with Automated Results Interpretation

Use known techniques for prompt injection and other attacks, and adjust the attacks to be more specific to the model or system.

Architecture or Design Review

Review of the product design can be effective, but it works best in conjunction with dynamic analysis.

Illustrative examples

Real CVEs that MITRE cites as examples of this weakness.

CVE-2024-3402 — chain: GUI for ChatGPT API performs input validation but does not properly "sanitize" or validate model output data (CWE-1426), leading to XSS (CWE-79).

Frequently asked questions

Common questions about CWE-1426.

What is CWE-1426?: The product invokes a generative AI/ML component whose behaviors and outputs cannot be directly controlled, but the product does not validate or insufficiently validates the outputs to ensure that they align with the intended security, content, or privacy policy.
What CVEs are caused by CWE-1426?: 2 recorded CVEs are attributed to CWE-1426, including CVE-2025-31363, CVE-2025-55074.
How do you prevent CWE-1426?: Since the output from a generative AI component (such as an LLM) cannot be trusted, ensure that it operates in an untrusted or non-privileged space.
How is CWE-1426 detected?: Dynamic Analysis with Manual Results Interpretation: Use known techniques for prompt injection and other attacks, and adjust the attacks to be more specific to the model or system.
What are the consequences of CWE-1426?: Exploiting CWE-1426 can lead to: Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Varies by Context.
Is CWE-1426 actively exploited?: 2 recorded CVEs are caused by CWE-1426; none are currently in CISA's KEV catalog of actively exploited flaws.

References

Weakness data is sourced from the MITRE CWE catalog (v4.20). CVE associations are aggregated and kept current by RadicalNotion.AI.

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